Author: jambudweep

The Distinctive Characteristics of the Living Being (Sva-tattva/Self-based that-ness) There are five distinctive volitions or dispositions of the living beings (which are not found in any other reality). They are called self-based characteristics (Svatattva). They are : (1)Subsidential volition (Aupaṡamika). (2)Purified Voliton related with karmic destmction (Kṣāyika). (3)Destruction-cum-subsidential or mixed volition (Kṣāyopaṡamika or Miṡra) (4)Fmitional...

Niksepas (Positings, Installations) The concept of Niksepas (positings) has been admitted to know rightly about the entities like the living beings etc. There are four kinds of positings : (1) Name (2) Representation (3)Substance (4) Mode The Namal positing (Nāma) is to give a name to an entity or person irrespective of his class or...

Substantiation of the Doctrine of Relativism (Doctrine of Qualified Assertions, Syādvāda) Septadic Predication (Sapta-bhangī) The Sanskṛta term ‘Syāt’ is an indeclinable word. It implies complete devoidance of absolutism and, hence, it means ‘in some respects’, or ‘on some account’ etc. For example, the living being is permanent in some respects and non-permanent in some respects...

Description of the Standpoints (Nayas) The standpoints are defined as the devices to leam the characteristics of the object in part which has been known in full through the organs of knowledge.12 Nine kinds of Standpoint : There are nine kinds of standpoint: (1)Substantive (Dravyārthika) (2)Modal (Paryāyārthika) (3)Figurative (Naigama) (4)Collective standpoint (Sangraha (5)Practical or Empirical...

Description of Organs of Knowledge (Pramānās) Tattvārta Sūtrā 1.6 has stated that the knowledge (of seven reals and six realities) is acquired through organs of knowledge (Pramāṇas) and standpoints (Nayas). The right knowledge is called the organ of valid knowledge (Pramāṇas). In the texts of logic, the organ of knowledge has been defined as the...

Five Kinds of Saints There are five kinds of saints mentioned in Sarvārthasiddhi . They are : (1)Pulāka saints. (2)Vakuṡa saints. (3)Kuṡīla saints. (4)Nirgrantha saints. Snataka saints 1.Pulāka saints : The Pulāka saints are those (i) who are slothful towards practicing the secondary vows and, (ii) who sometimes and somewhere are unable to completely observe...

Holy Death (Sallekhanā) The death is defined as the destruction or termination of the mode of human or other state of birth. This death has five varieties : (1)Extreme Prudent’s Death (Pandita-pandita Maraṇa) (2)Pmdent ’ s Death (Pandita-Maraṇa) (3)Fool-Prudent’s Death (Bāla-pandita Maraṇa) (4)Fool’s Death (Bāla Maraṇa) (5)Extreme Fool’s Death (Bāla bāla Maraṇa)   (1)Extreme Prudent’s...

Supernatural Powers or Prodigies (Rddhis) The austerite saints earn capacities of many types of supernatural powers. There are eight kinds of supernatural powers: (1)Supernatural Power of Intelligence (Buddhi ṛddhi) 18 (2)Supernatural Power of Proteation (Vikriyā ṛddhi) 11 (3)Supernatural Power of Motion (Kriyā ṛddhi) 02 (4)Supernatural Power of Austerity (Tapa ṛddhi) 07 (5)Supernatural Power of Strength...

Daily Routine of the Jaina Saint (Dina-caryā) The restrained saint should observe the prescribed daily observances67 like the self-study etc. for the accomplishment of equanimity which is the main cause of self-realisation. The saint should wake-up after two Ghatis (~ 48 minutes) have passed after midnight. He should commence later-night self-study by declaration : then...